Informatics Publishing Limited

S. D. Sawant ¹, Indu S. Sawant ¹, Dinesh Shetty ¹, Manisha Shinde ¹, Sagar Jade ¹, Monali Waghmare ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm Post, Pune-Solapur Road, Pune 412 307, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted during the vegetative season of April-October 2008 and 2009 and fruiting season of October-April 2008-09 and 2009-10, to study the efficacy of Milastin K, a formulation containing Bacillus subtilis (KTBS), for the control of powdery mildew on grapes. Five to six sprays of Milastin K @ 1.0 ml l^-1 (1.0 l ha^-1), from 30-119 days after pruning at 7-22 days interval (depending on weather based disease risk) could effectively control powdery mildew on leaves and bunches in grapes and increase yield. The untreated control recorded PDI in the range of 4.00-82.13 during different seasons, Milastin K treatment significantly reduced PDI to 1.62-20.69. Under low to moderate disease pressure conditions, the efficacy of Milastin K in controlling powdery mildew was on par with sulphur 80 WG @ 2.0g l^-1. Under high disease pressure condition, Milastin K was not so effective when used alone, but was effective when used in integration with fungicide sprays. Harvestable yield of 4.55 kg per vine was recorded in Milastin K while there was nil yield in untreated control. There was no phytotoxic effect of Milastin K on vines when it was sprayed at a dose up to 2.0 ml l^-1.

Keywords

Grapes, Erysiphe necator, Uncinula necator, Vitis vinifera, Thompson Seedless, Harvestable Yield, Sulphur, Flusilazole.

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Indu S. Sawant ¹, Yogita R. Rajguru ¹, Varsha P. Salunkhe ¹, Pallavi N. Wadkar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm Post, Pune-Solapur Road, Pune 412 307, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Thirty four isolates belonging to seven Trichoderma species from different geographical locations of India were screened in vitro for their antagonism to Colletotri gloeosporioides and the efficient isolates were further evaluated for their bioefficacy in vivo and in field for control of anthracnose of grapes. In in vitro screening, all Trichoderma isolates overgrew C. gloeosporioides colony. Microscopic examination of hyphal interaction showed plasmolysis of hyphae of C .gloeosporioides by all Trichoderma isolates. The percent inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides by toxic volatile and non-volatile metabolites produced by different isolates of Trichoderma ranged from 40.8 to 63.6 and from nil to 65.9 respectively. In in vivo trial with 20 most antagonistic isolates, the lowest disease incidence was recorded in leaves treated with T. harzianum 5R obtained from Kodagu, followed by T. hamatum (NAIMCC- 1717) from Andaman and Nicobar islands and T. asperellum (NAIMCC 1769) from Pitchavaram. Survival studies on grape phylloplane with selected 11 isolates indicated that when applied at 5×106 spores per ml the population ranged from 4087.05 to 1185.42 cfu per cm2 on day 5 which further declined by day 15. On foliar application of these eleven isolates in field, lowest PDI was recorded in T. viride (NAIMCC-1817) initially obtained from soil of western Ghats of Kerala. The other isolates which recorded low PDI values were T. harzianum (NAIMCC-1965) obtained from Darjeeling, T. koningii (NAIMCC-1938), T. pseudokoningii (NAIMCC-1775) obtained from Andaman&Nicobar islands and T. harzianum 5R obtained from Kodagu (Karnataka).

Keywords

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Trichoderma Spp. Volatile Metabolites, Non-Volatile Metabolites, Lysis and Phylloplane.

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Indu S. Sawant ¹, S. D. Sawant ¹, Yogita R. Rajguru ¹, Pallavi N. Wadkar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm Post, Pune-Solapur Road, Pune 412 307, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Pasting of the pruning wounds of grapevines with Tricho-XP, a commercial formulation containing Trichoderma viride and Paecilomyces lecanii, immediately after foundation pruning along with soil application @ 5 g/vine mixed with 245g cattle manure, and spray on the vines @ 1.0 % has shown the potential to reduce dead wood and enhance bud sprouting in Tas-A-Ganesh grapes. Further, five isolates of Trichoderma exhibited differences in their antagonism as well as ability to minimize dead wood formation and enhance bud sprouting. T. harzianum 5R exhibited maximum in vitro antagonism of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and was the most effective in minimizing dead wood formation in grapevines. This isolate was able to grow and inhibit radial growth of L. theobromae even at higher temperature of 36°C.

Keywords

Pruning Wound, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma harzianum 5R.

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S. D. Sawant ¹, Indu S. Sawant ¹, Kaushik Banerjee ¹, Dinesh Shetty ¹, Monali Waghmare ¹, G. Kalbhor ¹, Shweta Patil ¹, Manjusha Jadhav ¹

Affiliations
1 National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune-412307, IN

Abstract

Bio-efficacy of Aureofungin-sol, an antifungal antibiotic, for control of downy mildew and powdery mildew of grape was evaluated during October 2008 - April 2009 fruiting season in vineyards at three locations in Maharashtra. Four to nine sprays of Aureofungin-sol, @ 0.108, 0.163 and 0.217 g/l, starting from 12-16 days to 46-75 days after fruit pruning gave good control of downy mildew on leaves and bunches, and increased harvestable yield over the Control. Similarly, four sprays of Aureofungin-sol @ 0.108 g/l at 11 to 20 days' interval at 65 days after pruning provided complete control of powdery mildew on leaves and bunches. No residue of Aureofungin-sol was found in harvest samples above the limit of detection (0.1 mg/kg).

Keywords

Plasmopara viticola, Uncinula necator, Sharad Seedless, Tas-A-Ganesh, Harvestable Yield, (Cymoxanil+Mancozeb) 72WP, Azoxystrobin 23SC.

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